Learning Outcomes
Explain the pathophysiology of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases
Discuss the pathophysiology and the various clinical presentations of COPD, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, emphysema
Discuss sleep breathing disorder (eg.OSA), aspiration, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, inhalation disorders, pulmonary edema, ARDS
Explain the pathophysiology and clinical presentations pulmonary hypertension
Explain the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Explain the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of selected childhood pathologies: cystic fibrosis, upper airway obstruction and infections
Definitions: Alterations of Pulmonary Functions
Review: Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology
Respiratory system is composed of two parts:
– Upper and lower respiratory tracts
o Everything after larynx = Lower Respiratory
Respiratory system can be divided into conducting and respiratory components
Structure of lung alveoli and physiology of gas exchange
Structure and function of the pleural fluid
Pulmonary & systemic circuits
Respiratory volumes (4) and capacities (4):
– Inspiratory reserve volume
– Tidal volume
– Expiratory reserve volume
– Residual volume
– Inspiratory capacity
– Vital capacity
– Functional residual capacity
– Total lung capacity
Manifestations of Pulmonary Diseases
Dyspnea:
– Uncomfortable breathing/shortness of breath
Orthopnea:
– Dyspnea when a person is lying down
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND):
– Attacks of severe shortness of breath/cough at night during sleep
Cough:
– Protective reflex
– Acute/chronic
Pain
Stridor:
– high-pitched breath sound due to turbulent air flow in larynx or lower
Wheezes & crackles:
– Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnubmmeDWrw&list=PLLKSXV1ibO86qgE2y9cMqNFmh6LfOa8RM